ABSTRACT
In the 1950s and 1960s, Korea overcame the aftermath of the war and laid the foundations for modernization of economy and professionalization of medicine. The National Medical Services Law, enacted in 1951 was the first medical law to be legislated since the establishment of the Republic of Korea. The law provided a medical system for the traditional Korean medical practitioners, activated opening of hospitals through report-only system and prohibition of interference in medical practice, and facilitated mobilization of the doctors by the government. The Medical Law, legislated in 1962 by the Park Jong-Hee administration contained practice license system, regular practice reporting system and practice designation, thereby strengthening the government control on the medical practitioners, inducing professionalism and high-quality of medical practitioners and abolished unlicensed medical practitioners such as acupuncturists, moxa cauterists and bone setters. The Medical Assistant Law of 1963 was introduced so that medical examination and assistance could be carried out under supervision of professional doctors. To reduce areas without healthcare system, region-specified medical practitioners got licensure and a community doctor system was organized. However, due to expensive medical fees in comparison to economic status and medical needs of patients, shortage of doctors, low accessibility to hospitals led to the prevalence of illegal medical practice by unlicensed practitioners. Absence of national budget or policy on the health care system and the American-style noninterference medical system were other factors causing the situation. Government, Korean Medical Associations and Korean Dental Association tried, without success, to exercise control over the unlicensed medical practice. President Park Jong-Hee had to introduce a special law concerning the health-care related crimes with life sentence as the highest penalty. While the government put modernization before social welfare, operated on a policy of state-controlled medical care system, and doctors achieved specialization system similar to that of the United States, the public had to suffer, being treated by unlicensed medical practitioners. Inevitably, the need for a national medical practitioner supply plan and a policy to support health service was raised.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Policy/history , History, 20th Century , Legislation, Medical/history , Licensure/history , Private Sector/history , Public Health/history , Republic of Korea , State Medicine/historyABSTRACT
Se da cuenta de las discusiones que se dieron principalmente en la medicina legal mexicana acerca de la prudencia de las regulaciones sobre el matrimonio consanguíneo que fueron decretadas en los códigos civiles para el Distrito Federal de 1871 y 1884. Se muestra que el ánimo de las mismas llevó a que sus autores pugnaran por la necesidad de la vigilancia médica de las uniones entre parientes en virtud de un ánimo profiláctico sostenido en una visión nihilista de la herencia patológica. Se concluye en proponer una lectura filosófica que abandona los antiguos campos de lo 'externo' y lo 'interno'.
This paper analyzes the discussions in the field of legal medicine in Mexico about the prudence of regulations concerning intermarriage that were decreed in the civil codes for the Federal District of 1871 and 1884. It shows that the heated debate forced the authors of the regulations to struggle for the need for medical vigilance of marriages between relatives, as a preventive measure sustained in a nihilistic vision of the pathological inheritance. The paper concludes by proposing a philosophical analysis that abandons the old fields of the "external" and the "internal".
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , Humans , Consanguinity , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/history , Legislation, Medical/history , Marriage/history , Mexico , Marriage/legislation & jurisprudence , Professional AutonomyABSTRACT
Examina a evolução das leis e normas da República brasileira relativas ao padecimento mental, demarcando três períodos. No período inicial (1890-1910), caracterizado pela introdução do tema da patologia mental no campo das preocupações do Estado, o interesse fundamental foi o reconhecimento e a preservação dos direitos dos portadores dessas patologias; nesse período, a alteração mental é entendida em termos de neuropatologia. No período de ampliação da ação estatal (1911-1945) permanecem os interesses observados no período anterior; a interpretação de adoecimento mental não sofre alterações substanciais, a despeito do alargamento de sua abrangência. No período do desenvolvimentismo brasileiro (1946-1982), marcado por uma descontinuidade em relação aos períodos anteriores, prevalece um espírito econômico-desenvolvimentista, expresso na vigorosa ampliação do parque hospitalar e amparado por um pensamento humanista de tons conservadores; mantém-se o interesse na proteção dos portadores de doenças mentais.
The article explores the evolution of the Brazilian republic's laws and norms on mental illness during three periods. The first (1890-1910) saw the topic of mental pathology introduced into the State's realm of interest, with the main concern being to recognize and preserve the rights of those displaying such pathologies. During this period, mental alterations were understood in terms of neuropathology. The following period (1911-1945) saw expansion of government initiatives, with the same concerns as the previous period. The interpretation of mental illness did not undergo any major changes, although it broadened in scope. Marked by a discontinuity in relation to previous times, Brazil's developmentalist period (1946-1982) saw an economic developmentalist spirit hold sway, underpinned by humanist thought of conservative propensity. It brought a vigorous growth in the number of Brazilian hospitals, while interest in protecting the mentally ill continued.
Subject(s)
Legislation, Medical/history , Mental Health , Psychiatry/legislation & jurisprudence , BrazilABSTRACT
Apresenta o Código de Ética Médica, o Código de Processo Ético-profissional, e leis e decretos de 1957, 1958 e 2004
Subject(s)
Codes of Ethics , Ethics, Medical , Legislation, Medical/history , BrazilABSTRACT
Se hace una breve relación de la historia de le reglamentación de la Medicina en la cultura Europea, como base para analizar la situación actual de la reglamentación de la Medicina Mexicana
Subject(s)
Legislation, Medical/history , Legislation/history , Medicine , MexicoABSTRACT
Este ensaio versa sobre a medicina do século XIX no Brasil. Procura identificar formas e instrumentos de regulamentaçäo da prática médica e do ensino de medicina da época. O século XIX, período em que o país se constituiu como naçäo e no qual o Estado ampliou sua intervençäo sobre a sociedade, deve ser considerado de grande importância para a medicina brasileira, pois foi a época em que surgiu o ensino médico-tardio em relaçäo a outros paises do continente. Os médicos, através da Academia Imperial de Medicina, passaram a exercer influência sobre o ensino, a regulamentaçäo da prática médica e até sobre a organizaçäo social, potencializando, porém, sua açäo através do Estado. Também foi no Brasil do século XIX que a medicina assumiu o caráter de medicina social e quando o conhecimento médico passou a ser produzido sobre base científica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Medicine/history , Education, Medical/history , Legislation, Medical/history , Brazil , History, 19th CenturySubject(s)
History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , Latin America , Legislation, Medical/history , MexicoABSTRACT
Apresenta pesquisa realizada na imprensa especializada, livros, teses, anais de congressos e reuniöes de associaçöes profissionais para reconstituir o pensamento e o comportamento dos médicos brasileiros do fim do século XIX ao início do século XX sobre questöes morais (CAC)
Subject(s)
Ethics, Medical/history , Legislation, Medical/history , Sociology, Medical , Brazil , Forensic Medicine/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , PhysiciansABSTRACT
Entre los múltiples deberes que la Legislación Venezolana le ha encomendado a la Federación médica Venezolana, se destacan, por su importancia y proyección, los dos que voy a sintetizar de seguidas. El primero de ellos, consagra el deber de velar por el mejoramiento económico y social de los médicos, y a tal fin, el artículo 72 de la Ley de Ejercicio de la Medicina, faculta expresamente a la Federación para contratar colectivamente con entidades públicas o privadas a nombre de los médicos que allí prestan servicios en labores asistenciales. Complementa esta disposición Ley Orgánica del Trabajo, que concede a los Colegios y Federaciones de profesionales universitarios. Las mismas atribuciones que tienen las organizaciones sindicales de trabajadores. Para dar estricto cumplimiento a este deber fundamental que nos imponen las leyes, el Comité Ejecutivo, que presidio, no omitió luchas y esfuerzos para lograr, en condiciones económicas, sociales y políticas extremadamente dificiles, suscribir con el Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social y con el Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales, dos importantes Convenciones Colectivas de Trabajo, que mantienen o mejoran conquistas logradas por los médicos a través de la contratación colectiva. Por tanto afirmo, con profunda satisfacción, que este proceso de contratación colectiva que iniciara la Federación desde hace cerca de treinta años, no sólo no terminó en nuestras manos, sino que, por el contrario le dimos un gran impulso mediante la utilización de nuevas formas de lucha gremial. La otra gran tarea a la cual quiero referirme en esta oportunidad, es la de fomentar la actualización de conocimientos, el perfeccionamiento científico y la superación cultural de los médicos. La actualización de conocimientos y el perfeccionamiento ha sido el motivo de los importantes temas médicos que hemos tratado y examinado en profundidad en varias reuniones de los Consejos Nacionales o del Comité Ejecutivo. Y los temas inherentes a cada especialización médica han sido exhaustivamente tratados por las diversas sociedades Científicas, adscritas legalmente a la Federación Médica Venezolana. Y en cuanto atañe al deber de nuestra Institución de fomentar las actividades culturales entre los médicos, es oportuno precisar que, el actual Comité Ejecutivo le ha dado su más incondicional apoyo al distinguido y selecto grupo de médicos escritores, que se han dado a la tarea de reorganizar la "Sociedad de Médicos Escritores"
Subject(s)
History of Medicine , Legislation, Medical/historyABSTRACT
Jahangir, after his accession on the 24th October, 1605 A.D. passed twelve orders, as we learn from his Memoirs (Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri). According to fifth order manufacturing and sale of Rice-Spirit and any kind of intoxicating drug were forbidded. The tenth order was for the foundation of free hospitals and appointment of physicians in all the great cities of the empire. We learn from Edward Terry who was in India from 1615-18 A.D. that the common diseases of the time included the venereal disease, which was possibly syphilis. In the twelfth year of his reign Jahangir passed orders prohibiting smoking tobacco. In Tuzuk we find that in the third year of his reign a doe was brought to Jahangir, it was milked. Here Jahangir says that the milk of a she-antelope was believed to be a remedy for asthma. In the eighth year of his reign he tried to test the milk of a tigress which was brought to his court. He, however, failed to get the milk of the tigress. Here he says that, it was heard from philosophers that the milk of a tigress was highly useful for brightening eyes. Jahangir's belief in spiritual help in curing diseases is reflected in the fact that in the ninth year of his reign when he fell ill, he took a vow that after recovery he would make holes in his ears to declare that he owed his very existence to Khawaja Muinu-ddin and so he was Khawaja's ear-bored slave. After recovery he did accordingly and wore a pearl in each of his ears. Shaykh Hasan or Hassu whose father and grand father were surgeions of Akbar's times was a surgeon and a childhood friend of Jahangir. Jahangir after his accession made him governor of Gujarat and gave him the title of Mukarrab Khan. Another physician Hakim Ali whome Akbar had once sent as ambassador to Bijapur and was made a commander of 700 on his return, was made commander of 2,000 by Jahangir.
Subject(s)
Famous Persons , History, 17th Century , India , Legislation, Medical/history , Medicine , Public Health/historyABSTRACT
La obra incluye el análisis de las cuatro etapas de evolución de la Deontología Médica en Venezuela, el estudio comparativo de los cinco códigos de ética que han existido, el análisis de la evolución de nuestra legislación del ejercicio médico y finalmente, unas consideraciones personales del autor sobre la situación actual de la Deontología Médica en relación con su cumplimiento, en nuestro país. Por último se anexá la transcripción de los cinco códigos y de las leyes de ejercicio que se analizan
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Forensic Medicine , Jurisprudence , Ethics, Medical/history , Legislation, Medical/history , Legislation, Medical/trendsSubject(s)
Education, Medical/history , History, 20th Century , India , Legislation, Medical/historyABSTRACT
Narra las causas y consecuencias de la epidemia de fiebre amarilla desatada en Guayaquil en 1842. Expone el número de víctimas por día, entre otros indicadores epidemiológicos; la evolución de la peste; y las medidas sanitarias adoptadas por el entonces presidente de la república Don Vicente Rocafuerte, para combatirla. Es un estudio histórico de los hechos desde el punto de vista clínico/terapéutico...